It specifies the scale of which notes should figure more, which note should be used more sparingly, which notes may be sung with gamaka, which phrases should be used and avoided and so on. Raagam defines a set of rules for the making of a melody. Swaram consists of seven notes, "SA-RI-GA-MA-PA-DA-NI".Their abbreciations are ShAdja,RIshaba,GAndhara,MAdhyama,PAnchama,DhAivata,NIshada. Swaram refers to a type of musical sound which is a single note. Eventhough there exist an infinite number of sounds falling within a raaga in carnatic music, the number that can be distinguished by auditory perception is twenty two. Shruthi means the musical pitch which is equivalent of tonic in western music. The important elements of carnatic music are Venkatamakhin invented and authored the formula for the melakarta system of raga classification in his Sanskrit work, the Chaturdandi Prakasika (1660 AD).Govindacharya is known for expanding the melakarta system into the sampoorna raga scheme – the system that is in common use today. By the 16th and 17th centuries, there was a clear demarcation between Carnatic and Hindustani music.Purandara Dasa, who is known as the father (Pithamahan) of Carnatic Music, formulated the system that is commonly used for the teaching of Carnatic music.
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